Boy safe, suspect dead after Alabama bunker standoff






STORY HIGHLIGHTS


  • NEW: Rescued child is in good spirits at hospital, authorities say

  • NEW: Officials say crime scene is still active, bomb squad on site

  • FBI says boy was rescued after negotiators felt he was in danger

  • Witness said he heard explosion followed by gunshots




Midland City, Alabama (CNN) -- A 5-year-old boy freed Monday after being held captive in an underground bunker for six days is laughing and smiling and playing with his favorite toy dinosaur after being reunited with his family, authorities said.


The boy's kidnapper is dead, but officials offered no details on the raid that freed the boy -- identified only by his first name, Ethan -- and left his abductor fatally shot.


FBI Special Agent in Charge Steve Richardson visited Ethan at a hospital, where he was in a private area with heavy security.


"He is doing fine," Richardson told reporters at a late-night news conference. "He's laughing, joking, playing, eating."


Dale County Sheriff Wally Olson had no new details about Ethan's rescue, and when asked if the boy saw his abductor, 65-year-old Jimmy Lee Dykes, killed during the rescue operation, Olson replied, "He's a very special child. He's been through a lot, he's endured a lot."


Ethan looks great but will be hospitalized overnight, an uncle told people at a prayer vigil earlier Monday.


Authorities said they were still working on the crime scene and the investigation should continue for several more days. The sheriff's office said the bomb squad was checking the bunker for potential explosive devices.




Ethan, the rescued boy, arrives on stretcher Monday at Flowers Hospital in Dothan, Alabama.



Richardson earlier said an FBI team went in to get Ethan after negotiations had broken down with Dykes, who also was "observed holding a gun."


Olson said it became very difficult to deal with and even communicate with Dykes over the past day.


Believing the child to be in imminent danger, an FBI team entered the bunker at 3:12 p.m. CT (4:12 p.m. ET) and rescued the boy, Richardson said.


One neighbor said he was outside when he was startled by the sound of an explosion.


"I heard a big boom and then ... I believe I heard rifle shots," said Bryon Martin, who owns a home near the bunker where the boy had been held since Tuesday.


It was a loud noise that "made me jump off the ground," he said.


Authorities wouldn't say whether the blast was set off as a diversionary tactic or whether Dykes had planted explosives around the bunker.


After the good news of the boy's release spread through the small rural community, travelers on a nearby highway honked their horns as they drove by.


The FBI had borrowed from the U.S. military high-tech detection equipment similar to the technology used to discover homemade bombs in war zones, three Defense Department officials told CNN.


It was unclear whether the equipment, which is not readily available to civilian law enforcement, had been used by the FBI.


One of the defense officials said no members of the military were involved in the rescue. They would have been acting a technical advisers, the official said.


Last Tuesday, police said, Dykes boarded a Dale County school bus and demanded the driver hand over two children.






The driver, Charles Albert Poland Jr., refused, blocking access to the bus's narrow aisle as at least 21 children escaped out of the back emergency door, authorities said.


The gunman killed Poland, then grabbed a kindergartner before barricading himself and the boy inside a nearby bunker he had built.


Smith said Monday that Ethan has siblings, but none of them were on the bus last week.


In the ensuing days, officials said little about what was going on in the bunker or in their strategy, or what -- if anything -- Dykes wanted.


"Based on our discussions with Mr. Dykes, he feels like he has a story that's important to him, although it's very complex," Olson said Monday before the hostage situation ended. He didn't elaborate.


Ethan suffers from Asperger's syndrome and attention deficit disorder, state Rep. Steve Clouse said during the week.


Dykes told authorities that he had blankets and a heater in the bunker, and authorities have previously said the bunker -- built 4 feet underground -- has electricity.


Authorities did not say how they were communicating with Dykes.


Meanwhile, residents and business owners in Midland City put up blue, red and black ribbons in support of the boy and Poland. Blue and red are the local school colors, and black is in honor of the slain bus driver.


The U.S. Navy confirmed Monday that Dykes served in the military from 1964 to 1969.


Naval records list him as an aviation maintenance administrationman third-class who served with units based in California and Atsugi, Japan. The job entails clerical work related to aircraft and aircraft maintenance, according to the Navy's job description.


Neighbors and officials had described Dykes as a survivalist with "anti-government" views.


Even as the hostage situation continued Monday morning, plenty of police were on hand as schools in neighboring Ozark, Alabama, reopened for the first time since the incident began.


Dale County schools remained closed but were to reopen on Tuesday, the district said.


In Ozark, school officials decided to begin strictly enforcing a 15-foot safety zone around school buses required by state law. The law prohibits any unauthorized adults, including parents, from approaching within 15 feet of a school bus stop. If an unauthorized adult gets too close, bus drivers are supposed to close bus doors or drive away, if necessary, school officials said


CNN's Victor Blackwell and Martin Savidge reported from Midland City; Barbara Starr contributed from Washington; Michael Pearson and Steve Almasy reported and wrote from Atlanta; and CNN's Vivian Kuo and Larry Shaughnessy also contributed to this report.






Read More..

Ex-Navy SEAL murder suspect had been in mental hospital

FORT WORTH, TexasThe Iraq War veteran charged with killing a former Navy SEAL sniper and his friend on a Texas shooting range had been taken to a mental hospital twice in the past five months and told authorities that he was suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, police records show.

Eddie Ray Routh, 25, also told his sister and brother-in-law after the shootings that he "traded his soul for a new truck," according to an Erath County arrest warrant affidavit obtained by WFAA-TV. Police said that Routh was driving the truck of victim and ex-Navy SEAL Chris Kyle at the time of arrest.




Play Video


Top SEAL sniper allegedly murdered by fellow vet






Play Video


Ex-Marine suspected of killing ex-Navy SEAL on suicide watch



Routh is charged with one count of capital murder and two counts of murder in the shooting deaths of Kyle, author of the best-selling book "American Sniper," and his friend Chad Littlefield at a shooting range Saturday in Glen Rose. He is on suicide watch in the Erath County Jail, where he's being held on $3 million bond, Sheriff Tommy Bryant said.

Routh, a member of the Marines Corps Reserve, was first taken to a mental hospital on Sept. 2 after he threatened to kill his family and himself, according to police records in Lancaster, where Routh lives. Authorities found Routh walking nearby with no shirt and no shoes, and smelling of alcohol. Routh told authorities he was a Marine veteran who was suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.

"Eddie stated he was hurting and that his family does not understand what he has been through," the report said.

Routh's mother told police that her son had been drinking and became upset when his father said he was going to sell his gun. She said Routh began arguing with them and said he was going to "blow his brains out."

Police took Routh to Green Oaks Hospital for psychiatric care.

Dallas police records show Routh was taken back to the same mental hospital in mid-January after a woman called police and said she feared for Routh's safety.

Green Oaks will not release patient information, citing privacy laws. Most people brought by police to the hospital are required to stay at least 48 hours.

In May, Routh's mother reported a burglary that included nine pill bottles and her son was involved, according to a Lancaster police report. No other details were available.

Authorities say Routh, Kyle and Littlefield arrived at the sprawling Rough Creek Lodge at about 3:15 p.m. Saturday, and a hunting guide called 911 about two hours later after discovering the bodies. Kyle and Littlefield were shot multiple times, and numerous guns were at the scene, according to the affidavit.



In this April 6, 2012, photo, former Navy SEAL and author of the book American Sniper, Chris Kyle poses in Midlothian, Texas.


/

Paul Moseley

After leaving the Navy, Kyle quickly found a way to maintain contact with his fellow veterans and pass on what had helped him work through his own struggles. By late 2011, he filed the paperwork to establish the nonprofit FITCO Cares, which received its nonprofit status the following spring, said FITCO director Travis Cox.

Routh drove to his sister's house, and told her that he killed two people and that he planned to drive to Oklahoma to evade Texas authorities, the affidavit said. Routh's sister then called police, and he was arrested after a short police pursuit in Lancaster.

Jailers used a stun gun on Routh on Sunday night after he appeared ready to assault them when they entered his cell after he refused to return his food tray, the sheriff said. Then they put Routh in a chair that restrains his arms and legs in his solitary confinement cell, Bryant said.

Bryant said Routh has an attorney but hasn't met with him at the jail in Stephenville, about 75 miles southwest of Fort Worth.

Attempts by The Associated Press to reach Routh's mother and sister were unsuccessful Monday.

Sundae Hughes, an aunt of Routh's, said she watched him grow up but hasn't seen him since his high school graduation in 2006. Hughes was in disbelief that her nephew could be involved in such an incident.

"He has a kind heart (and was) someone willing to jump in and help, no matter what it was," she said.

Routh joined the Marines in 2006 and rose to the rank of corporal in 2010. His military specialty was small-arms technician, commonly known as an armorer. He had been stationed at Camp Lejeune, N.C., and served in Iraq from 2007-08 and in the Haiti disaster relief mission in 2010.

He is now in the individual ready reserve. He could be called to duty, but it's uncommon unless he volunteers, 1st Lt. Dominic Pitrone of the Marine Forces Services public affairs office said.

Travis Cox, director of FITCO Cares — the nonprofit that Kyle set up to give in-home fitness equipment to physically and emotionally wounded veterans — said he believes that Kyle and Littlefield were helping Routh work through PTSD.

Cox didn't know how Routh and Kyle knew each other. He said the shooting range event was not a FITCO session.

Kyle, 38, left the Navy in 2009 after four tours of duty in Iraq, where he earned a reputation as one of the military's most lethal snipers. "American Sniper" was the No. 3 seller of paperbacks and hardcovers on Amazon as of Monday, and the hardcover was out of stock.

Kyle was so deadly accurate in combat that insurgents in Iraq put a $20,000 bounty on his head and dubbed him "The Devil of Ramadi." But to fellow SEALs like Rorke Denver, he was known as "The Legend." Denver told CBS News, "We were aware early on in that deployment that something special, for lack of a better term, was unfolding."

Littlefield, 35, was Kyle's friend, neighbor and "workout buddy," and also volunteered his time to work with veterans, Cox said.

Read More..

Sarai Sierra's 2 Young Boys Don't Know Mom's Dead













The two young sons of slain New York mom Sarai Sierra are under the impression that their father has gone to Turkey to bring their mother home - alive.


Sierra, whose battered body was found near a highway in Istanbul over the weekend, was the mother of two boys aged 9 and 11.


Steven Sierra, who went to Istanbul in search of his wife after she disappeared nearly two weeks ago, told his children that he was going to Turkey to bring their mom home.


"The father will be speaking to them and it's something that's going to be hard and he's going to be talking to them when he comes back," Betsy Jimenez, the mother of Sarai Sierra, said today during a family news conference.


State Representative Michael Grimm said Steven Sierra's biggest concern is telling his children that mom's not coming home.


"It's going to be the hardest thing he's ever going to have to do in his life," said Grimm, who added that the Staten Island family isn't sure when Steven Sierra will be able to bring home his wife's body.


An autopsy was completed Sunday on Sarai Sierra, 33, but results aren't expected for three months. Turkish officials however said she was killed by at least one fatal blow to her head.


A casket holding the Staten Island mother was carried through alleyways lined with spice and food stalls to a church, where the casket remained on Monday.


Turkish police hope DNA samples from 21 people being questioned in the case will be key to finding the perpetrators, the Associated Press reported, according to state run media.








Sarai Sierra's Body Found: Missing New York Mom Found in Turkey Watch Video









Body Found in Search for Missing Mother in Turkey Watch Video









Vanished Abroad: US Woman Missing in Turkey Watch Video





Earlier this week, it was also reported that Turkish police are speaking to a local man who was supposed to meet Sierra the day she disappeared, but he said she never showed.


After an intense search for Sierra that lasted nearly two weeks, her body was found Saturday near the ruins of some ancient city walls and a highway. Sierra was wearing the same outfit she was seen wearing on surveillance footage taken at a food court and on a street the day she vanished, Istanbul Police Chief Huseyin Capkin said.


Sierra's body was taken to a morgue, Capkin said, and was identified by her husband.


It did not appear she had been raped or was involved in any espionage or trafficking, Capkin said.


Betsy Jimenez said Monday that her family has many unanswered questions such as what happened to her daughter after she left her hotel room to go and take photographs of a famous bridge.


"They're still investigating so they might think it might be a robbery, but they're not sure," said Jimenez.


Sierra, who had traveled to Istanbul on Jan. 7 to practice her photography hobby, was last heard from on Jan. 21, the day she was due to board a flight home to New York City.


Dennis Jimenez, Sierra's father, told reporters Monday that he didn't want her to go on the trip.


"I didn't want her to go. But, she wanted to go because this was an opportunity for her to sightsee and pursue her photography hobby because Turkey was a land rich with culture and ancient history and she was fascinated with that," said Jimenez.


While in Istanbul, Sierra would Skype with her family and friends daily, telling them about how amazing the culture was.


Sierra's best friend Maggie Rodriguez told ABC News that she was forced to pull out of the trip at the last minute because she couldn't afford it. That's why Sierra traveled alone.


Her husband, Steven Sierra, and brother, David Jimenez, traveled to Istanbul last Sunday to meet with American and Turkish officials and push the search forward.






Read More..

Bug protects itself by turning its environment to gold









































Mythical King Midas was ultimately doomed because everything he touched turned to gold. Now, the reverse has been found in bacteria that owe their survival to a natural Midas touch.












Delftia acidovorans lives in sticky biofilms that form on top of gold deposits, but exposure to dissolved gold ions can kill it. That's because although metallic gold is unreactive, the ions are toxic.












To protect itself, the bacterium has evolved a chemical that detoxifies gold ions by turning them into harmless gold nanoparticles. These accumulate safely outside the bacterial cells.












"This could have potential for gold extraction," says Nathan Magarvey of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, who led the team that uncovered the bugs' protective trick. "You could use the bug, or the molecules they secrete."












He says the discovery could be used to dissolve gold out of water carrying it, or to design sensors that would identify gold-rich streams and rivers.












The protective chemical is a protein dubbed delftibactin A. The bugs secrete it into the surroundings when they sense gold ions, and it chemically changes the ions into particles of gold 25 to 50 nanometres across. The particles accumulate wherever the bugs grow, creating patches of gold.











Deep purple gold













But don't go scanning streams for golden shimmers: the nanoparticle patches do not reflect light in the same way as bigger chunks of the metal – giving them a deep purple colour.












When Magarvey deliberately snipped out the gene that makes delftibactin A, the bacteria died or struggled to survive exposure to gold chloride. Adding the protein to the petri dish rescued them.











The bacterium Magarvey investigated is one of two species that thrive on gold, both identified a decade or so ago by Frank Reith of the University of Adelaide in Australia. In 2009 Reith discovered that the other species, Cupriavidus metallidurans, survives using the slightly riskier strategy of changing gold ions into gold inside its cells.













"If delftibactin is selective for gold, it might be useful for gold recovery or as a biosensor," says Reith. "But how much dissolved gold is out there is difficult to say."












Journal reference: Nature Chemical Biology, DOI: 10.1038/NCHEMBIO.1179


















































If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.









































































All comments should respect the New Scientist House Rules. If you think a particular comment breaks these rules then please use the "Report" link in that comment to report it to us.


If you are having a technical problem posting a comment, please contact technical support.








Read More..

More bus drivers from China sign up as union members






SINGAPORE: NTUC Secretary-General Lim Swee Say said there has been an increase in the number of bus drivers from China working with SMRT signing up to become union members.

Mr Lim said this in Parliament when he joined Acting Minister for Manpower Tan Chuan-Jin in his reply to questions on the SMRT bus drivers' illegal strike last year.

Mr Lim said prior to the November 2012 incident, less than five percent of the 400 drivers from China working with SMRT were union members. As of today, about 75 percent of them have signed up to be union members.

In the case of SBS Transit, Mr Lim said they have about 600 drivers from China, and more than 90 per cent are already union members.

Overall, of the 1.2 million foreign workers in Singapore, about 100,000 of them are union members making up about 15 per cent of the union membership in Singapore.

- CNA/de



Read More..

Ravens hold off 49ers, win Super Bowl 34-31


























































































































2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


2013 Super Bowl: The best photos


Read More..

8 dead in 3-vehicle tour bus crash in Calif.: Highway Patrol

Updated 2:10 a.m. EST

Authorities say at least eight people are dead and 38 are injured after a tour bus collided with two other vehicles in the mountains of Southern California about 80 miles east of Los Angeles, near the town of Forest Falls.

California Highway Patrol spokesman Mario Lopez said at least eight have died from the Sunday night crash. He says 38 injured people were taken to hospitals.

Lopez says the bus driver reported having brake problems as it came down the mountain on State Route 38, rear-ending a sedan, then flipping over and hitting a pickup truck that was pulling a trailer.

Department of Transportation spokeswoman Michelle Profant says the passengers on the bus were part of a tour group from Tijuana, Mexico, and a representative from the Mexican consulate was at the crash scene.

"It's pretty ugly up there with body parts." she said.

CBS station KCBS in L.A. says the bus was heading back to Mexico from Big Bear.

At least two passengers were said to be trapped in the wreckage, the station added.

Read More..

Ravens Defeat 49ers in Historic, Unusual Super Bowl













The Baltimore Ravens emerged Super Bowl champions after one of the strangest and most incredible Super Bowl games in recent memory.


It's the second championship for the Ravens, who pulled out a 34-31 win over the San Francisco 49ers at the Superdome in New Orleans.


The Super Bowl is the biggest spectacle in American sports, and each year becomes the most watched television event in history. This year, Jennifer Hudson kicked things off with a touching performance of "America the Beautiful" with a choir of students from Sandy Hook Elementary School.


Alicia Keys accompanied herself on the piano for a long, jazzy rendition of the national anthem, before the coin toss which resulted in San Francisco receiving to start the first half.


Although the game looked at one point like it was going to be a completely unexpected blow-out, with the Ravens leading 28-6 at the beginning of the 3rd quarter, the 49ers got some unusual help that turned the showdown into a much more exciting battle.


About a third of the way into the 3rd quarter, right after a record-tying Ravens rushing touchdown, the power went out at the Superdome, knocking the lights and air conditioning out in the indoor stadium. The crowd of more than 71,000 strong, along with a lot of antsy players, coaches, and staff waited for 34 minutes for the power to fully come back on and the game to resume.






Chris Graythen/Getty Images











Super Bowl 2013: Beyonce Rocks the Halftime Show Watch Video









Super Bowl 2013: Alicia Keys Sings 'The Star-Spangled Banner' Watch Video









Super Bowl 2013: Jennifer Hudson, Sandy Hook Students Perform Watch Video





In a statement, the NFL said authorities were "investigating the cause of the power outage," and law enforcement sources told ABC News it was just an issue with the building.


That didn't stop many people on Twitter from jokingly blaming Beyonce, the energetic halftime performer who surprisingly reunited shortly with her former band Destiny's Child, for shutting down the power. After her performance, even her husband Jay-Z got in on it, tweeting "Lights out!!! Any questions??"


VIDEO: Super Bowl 2013: Beyonce Rocks the Halftime Show


The 49ers quickly followed the long delay with a touchdown, getting themselves right back into the game. Then just a few minutes later, they found themselves in the end zone again, and it appeared the power outage had flipped the momentum towards the 49ers.


With a score of 31-29 with more than 7 minutes left in the game, San Francisco looked poised to make the biggest comeback in Super Bowl history, but the team, trying for its 6th title, wasn't able to overcome the Ravens lead.


Baltimore was able to run out the clock, and the game ended with a final score of 34-31. Purple and gold confetti fell as the Ravens rushed onto the field and celebrated -- with some colorful language from quarterback Joe Flacco audible on the live broadcast, who was caught saying, "f***ing awesome" on CBS' cameras.


The game was already historic thanks to the match-up for John and Jim Harbaugh, the first head coach brothers to ever face each other on football's biggest stage. It was also the final game for the future Hall of Fame linebacker Ray Lewis, who is, as of the conclusion of the game retired from football.


This is the fifth season in a row that the Ravens have made it to the playoffs, led by Coach John Harbaugh, and SB XLVII MVP Quarterback Joe Flacco. It's the team's first Lombardi trophy since 2000. Their victor tonight made them the only team left in the NFL to have never lost a Super Bowl in multiple appearances.






Read More..

Two worms, same brains – but one eats the other



































IF TWO animals have identical brain cells, how different can they really be? Extremely. Two worm species have exactly the same set of neurons, but extensive rewiring allows them to lead completely different lives.












Ralf Sommer of the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tübingen, Germany, and colleagues compared Caenorhabditis elegans, which eats bacteria, with Pristionchus pacificus, which hunts other worms. Both have a cluster of 20 neurons to control their foregut.












Sommer found that the clusters were identical. "These species are separated by 200 to 300 million years, but have the same cells," he says. P. pacificus, however, has denser connections than C. elegans, with neural signals passing through many more cells before reaching the muscles (Cell, doi.org/kbh). This suggests that P. pacificus is performing more complex motor functions, says Detlev Arendt of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany.












Arendt thinks predators were the first animals to evolve complex brains, to find and catch moving prey. He suggests their brains had flexible wiring, enabling them to swap from plant-eating to hunting.












This article appeared in print under the headline "Identical brains, but one eats the other"


















































If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.




































All comments should respect the New Scientist House Rules. If you think a particular comment breaks these rules then please use the "Report" link in that comment to report it to us.


If you are having a technical problem posting a comment, please contact technical support.








Read More..

Militants free Filipinos seized with Jordanian journalist






MANILA: Islamist Abu Sayyaf militants have freed two Filipino television crew members seized along with a Jordanian journalist nearly eight months ago in the southern Philippines, police said Sunday.

Looking frail and gaunt, audio technician Roland "Buboy" Letriro and cameraman Ramil Vela walked free Saturday on Jolo island where they had been held since June last year, regional police chief Noel delos Reyes told AFP.

Delos Reyes said there was "no word" on the fate or exact whereabouts of the Jordanian journalist, Bakr Atyani, of the Dubai-based Al Arabiya network.

"Shortly after they were freed they called their families from a hotel room in Jolo," delos Reyes said. "They were then taken by authorities to the provincial hospital to be checked up."

As they lay on their hospital beds, the two tearfully recounted their ordeal in the hands of the militants in Jolo's harsh jungle terrain, according to Jolo deputy provincial police chief Roy Gabor.

"We went through so much difficulty. We didn't know whether we would make it out alive," Gabor quoted the two as saying as they were fed bread and water.

He described the pair as very emotional, and said they emerged from the jungle looking thin and with unkempt hair and beards.

"They were a bit confused. They said they were just told to leave the hostage lair," Gabor told AFP.

He said the two related that they were separated from Atyani on the fifth day of their captivity, and that they had not seen him since.

The gunmen gave them a horse because Vela could not walk due to a swollen leg, and both left the jungle hideout unescorted until they reached a highway.

They then rode a tricycle to Jolo's main port where went to a hotel and sought help, Gabor said, adding that they would soon fly back to Manila to be reunited with their families.

Delos Reyes denied a ransom was paid for their release.

The two travelled with Atyani to Jolo island in June of last year after they were locally hired in Manila by the Jordanian to film the militants.

They went missing a day after they arrived, and police subsequently said the trio were held captive by the Abu Sayyaf -- a group of self-styled militants blamed for the country's worst terrorist attacks as well as other kidnappings.

The group was founded with seed money from Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda network to fight for an independent Islamic state, though it later degenerated into a criminal gang.

US special forces have been rotating in the southern Philippine for over a decade to train local troops in crushing Abu Sayyaf which is on Washington's list of wanted foreign terrorist organisations.

At least four other foreign hostages are believed still held in the south by Abu Sayyaf and other militant outfits -- a Dutchman, a Swiss national, an Australian and a Japanese man.

Australian Foreign Minister Bob Carr last month welcomed news that Warren Rodwell, 54, was alive after being held hostage for more than a year, but said his prolonged captivity was a "major concern".

European birdwatchers, Dutchman Ewold Horn, 52, and Swiss national Lorenzo Vinciguerra, 47, were kidnapped in February last year. The Japanese man, Toshio Ito, was seized in July 2010.

-AFP/ac



Read More..